In this paper, an alternative approach in operational modal analysis is presented, utilizing image processing technique and Transmissibility functions. Imaging sensors do not impose additional mass on the structure due to their non-contact nature, while Transmissibility functions, independent of excitation type, can directly extract mode shapes. The innovation of this research lies in combining these two techniques to record dynamic responses and identify modal properties. To capture the temporal response history from video signals, the block-matching method with sub-pixel accuracy was employed. Validation was conducted by recording the response of the tip of a cantilevered steel beam subjected to impact excitation, using a high-speed camera and a laser vibrometer, simultaneously. The RMSE plots in the time domain and the PSD in the frequency domain indicate high accuracy of this method. Using this approach, the displacement time histories of various points on the structure were extracted from the video signals, and the modal properties, including natural frequencies, damping ratios, and mode shapes, were identified using the Transmissibility matrix method. The results obtained from the proposed method were compared with the stochastic subspace identification (SSI) method and analytical solutions. The findings reveal the accuracy of the modal identification approach introduced in this article. The highest relative error in estimating the natural frequencies of the first and second modes, compared to the values from the laser method, are 0.19% and 0.13%, respectively, and in comparison to the analytical values, they are 0.34% and 1.5%, respectively.

Improving participation in voluntary activities in Iran is important because increasing productivity among young people, given the country's young population, contributes to community sustainability. Therefore, a better understanding of volunteer motivation in Iranian youth is needed. The Volunteer functions Inventory (VFI) for assessing volunteer motivations has good psychometric properties and is adapted to several languages, but no validated Iranian translation yet exists. The purpose of this study was to investigate the psychometric Characteristics of voluntary functions inventory in members of Iranian Red Crescent Society. Sample size was 595 members of Youth Organization of Iranian Red Crescent Society from 31 provinces and 175 cities of Iran that were selected by multi-stage cluster sampling method and responded to voluntary functions inventory. Data were collected using a demographic sample and voluntary functions inventory (VFI). Confirmatory factor analysis using principal components method was used for data analysis. The results of the present study showed that the voluntary functions inventory had validity and reliability. Also, the factor structure showed that 29 items and 6 factors well assess people's attitudes to volunteering, and the structure of this inventory was well-fitted and confirmed all goodness of fit models. The present study provides the use of the Iranian translation of the Voluntary functions Inventory (6 scales and 29 items) to assess volunteer motivation among young Iranian volunteers.

Death of one of the parties is one of the cases of suspension of procedure. The action would be continued with the involvement of heirs. But all the actions are not compatible with the involvement of heirs. Traditionally, personal actions are deemed non-transmissible. Taking into account the nonTransmissibility of personal rights, this conclusion may be justified. But bring the case to justice, may affect the substance of the rights. One of the substantive effects of the action is the stabilization of the subject-matter of the case. With bringing the action, the death of the parties, it is principally hard to extinguish the subject-matter of the case. This effect so called in French Law as the (effet novatoir de l’ instance). The fundament and obstacles of this effect is the principal subject matter of this Article. This study is dedicated to render a general theory of Transmissibility of personal actions.

This study presents a novel sensitivity-based finite element model updating approach to estimate structural parameters using output-only data. A quasi-exact sensitivity relation based on Transmissibility data is introduced. Partially measured structural responses are included in mathematical formulations to address incomplete measurement problems and improve the accuracy of the sensitivity relationship. The least-squares algorithm is used to solve the normalized set of equations, and also a weighting approach is used to improve the parameter estimation results. The performance of the proposed method is evaluated based on numerical data of a ship structure model. Appropriate approaches have been used to select the excitation points and optimal sensor placement. The stability of the proposed method against measurement and mass modelling errors, and incompleteness of the measured responses are studied.

Citrus yellow vein clearing virus (CYVCV) is in the genus of Mandarivirus that infects some citrus cultivars and causes damage. In this study, the transmission of CYVCV by Aphis spiraecola, A. gossypii, and Toxoptera aurantii was investigated. Several 30 adult aphids of each species after a 24-hour acquisition access period (AAP) on infected Persian Lime were transferred to Citrus lemon cv. Eureka seedlings for 24 and 48 hours’ inoculation access period (IAP). Six months after inoculation, the infected plants were counted. Then their infection was confirmed by a two-step RT-PCR test. The results of the first test showed that 6 months’ post-inoculation, the mean transmission rate of CYVCV by A. spiraecola, A. gossypii, and T. aurantii was 16.67%, 13.33%, and 26.67%, respectively, for 24h AAP/24h IAP. The mean transmission rate was 23.33%, 20%, and 33.33% for 24h AAP/48h IAP, respectively. By increasing the inoculation access period of aphids on virus-infected plants from 24 h to 48 h, the transmission rate increased. In the second test, all three species of aphids with an unknown AAP were collected from infected Persian lime trees in the orchard, under natural conditions and allowed to feed for 24 and 48 hours on Eureka lemon in the greenhouse. It was found that the tested aphids were capable of transmitting this virus. The present study confirmed that the virus is transmitted from Persian lime to Eureka lemon by these citrus aphids under controlled conditions.